Jubilee Post News & Views
Dr. Utkarsh Sinha
Nestled in the lap of the Himalayas, Nepal has long been known for its political turbulence and continuous power struggles. Since gaining independence, the country has witnessed transitions from monarchy to democracy, a Maoist insurgency, and the ups and downs of a multiparty system. However, the year 2025 marked a pivotal turning point in Nepal’s political history. Massive protests driven by Generation Z (Gen Z) reshaped the nation’s political landscape, pushing veteran leaders to the sidelines and ushering in a new era of youth-led governance. The role of old leaders is nearing its end, while the younger generation is emerging as a formidable force at the center of power. This transformation is not merely a transfer of power but a profound cultural, social, and ideological shift. In this article, we explore the decline of old leaders, the rise of a new generation, the current challenges, and the future possibilities for Nepal’s evolving political landscape.
The Waning Credibility of Veteran Leaders
For decades, Nepal’s politics have revolved around a handful of veteran leaders. Figures like Sher Bahadur Deuba of the Nepali Congress, K.P. Oli of the Communist Party of Nepal-Unified Marxist Leninist (CPN-UML), and Pushpa Kamal Dahal (Prachanda) of the Maoist Centre have dominated the political arena. These leaders played significant roles in historic struggles, from the fight against monarchy to the Maoist insurgency and the drafting of Nepal’s constitution. However, their credibility has eroded significantly in recent years due to persistent issues of corruption, nepotism, and the centralization of power.
Accusations of corruption have plagued these leaders, tarnishing their public image. For instance, Deuba and Oli have faced allegations of promoting family interests and misusing state resources, while Prachanda has been criticized for human rights violations during the Maoist insurgency. Despite their long tenures and frequent changes in government, these leaders have failed to deliver structural reforms. Issues like poverty, unemployment, and economic inequality remain unresolved, fueling public discontent. A 2024 survey revealed that over 70% of young voters considered these leaders “incompetent and corrupt,” reflecting a deep erosion of trust.
The rise of the internet and social media in Nepal has played a crucial role in exposing these shortcomings. Platforms like X, TikTok, and Instagram have empowered young Nepalis to scrutinize their leaders and compare them with global political movements. Inspired by events like Sri Lanka’s 2022 protests and Bangladesh’s student-led uprisings, Nepal’s youth began to view these veteran leaders as relics of a bygone era, unable to adapt to modern demands. Scandals, such as the medical equipment procurement controversy during Oli’s tenure, further damaged their reputation. The old guard, often labeled as “dinosaurs,” has struggled to keep pace with a rapidly changing society, paving the way for a generational shift.
The Rise of a New Generation: Gen Z’s Political Awakening
September 2025 marked a historic moment for Nepal. What began as a protest against a social media ban quickly evolved into a broader movement for political change, led by Gen Z—youth aged 18 to 25. Using social media platforms, these young activists organized campaigns against corruption and the misuse of power. The movement gained momentum, with thousands taking to the streets of Kathmandu, ultimately forcing several veteran leaders out of power. A significant outcome was the appointment of Justice Sushila Karki as interim Prime Minister, making her Nepal’s first female head of government—a symbolic milestone in the country’s history.
The demands of Gen Z were clear and distinct from traditional political rhetoric. They called for transparency, a corruption-free administration, new economic policies, and environmental sustainability. Unlike past movements driven by caste or regional affiliations, this uprising focused on merit, accountability, and modern governance. Social media played a pivotal role in uniting the youth, with hashtags like #NepalYouthRevolution gaining global attention. The movement was not just a protest but a call to overhaul the system.
Beyond street protests, Gen Z demonstrated organizational capabilities. They formed local committees to discuss policy reforms, advocating for innovations like digital governance, where government decisions could be tracked online. Influenced by global issues such as climate change, digital rights, and inclusive development, this generation brought a fresh perspective to Nepal’s politics. Their ability to mobilize without relying on traditional political parties showcased their potential to reshape the nation’s future.
Current Scenario: Achievements and Challenges
Nepal’s politics is currently in a state of transition. Following the dissolution of parliament, an interim government was established, with youth playing a decisive role. However, significant challenges remain. The organizational structures of traditional parties like the Nepali Congress and CPN-UML are still controlled by veteran leaders, some of whom, like Deuba and Oli, have resisted calls to resign, leading to internal conflicts within these parties. While the youth movement is vibrant and energetic, it lacks experienced leadership and a cohesive organizational framework.
Institutional barriers also pose a challenge. Key institutions such as the administration, military, and judiciary remain under the influence of the older generation, potentially hindering the transfer of power. For example, senior military officials may resist reforms, and bureaucratic inertia could slow down progress. Economically, Nepal’s reliance on tourism and remittances makes it vulnerable to political instability, which could deter foreign investment. The youth must navigate these entrenched systems to consolidate their influence, a task that requires both strategy and patience.
Despite these challenges, there are positive developments. The interim government has initiated reforms, such as establishing an anti-corruption investigation commission and exploring digital voting systems. Youth-led coalitions, representing Nepal’s diverse ethnic and regional communities, have emerged, signaling inclusivity. However, without addressing these challenges, the movement risks losing momentum. The youth must build sustainable structures to maintain their influence and translate their vision into actionable policies.
Future Prospects: A New Nepal in the Making
The future of Nepal’s politics holds immense potential if the youth continue to engage through democratic processes. The return of old leaders to power seems unlikely, given the widespread loss of public trust. This transition is not just about changing who holds power but about transforming the political culture to prioritize honesty, transparency, and accountability.
Among the old guard, leaders like Baburam Bhattarai stand out as exceptions. A former Prime Minister and a key figure in Nepal’s Maoist movement, Bhattarai recently resigned as chairman of his party, acknowledging the diminishing relevance of the older generation. In a recent statement, he said, “The old political generation has lost its utility. The new leadership needs not just energy but a clear vision and concrete policies.” He emphasized that if the right steps are taken, Nepal could enter a new era, but warned that failure to act could lead to a return of old habits, squandering this opportunity. Bhattarai’s willingness to mentor the youth offers a model for constructive collaboration between generations, blending experience with fresh ideas.
If Nepal’s youth can harness this momentum, the country could see a political renaissance. A focus on economic growth, environmental sustainability, and social justice could position Nepal as a progressive nation in South Asia. However, this requires the youth to organize effectively, develop clear policies, and seek international cooperation. The global community, including neighboring countries like India and international organizations, could play a supportive role in this transition.
Conclusion: From Transition to Progress
Nepal’s generational shift in politics is a defining moment in its history. The decline of veteran leaders and the rise of youth power signal a break from the past, driven by grassroots movements demanding accountability and transparency. While challenges remain, the opportunities are vast. Nepal is moving toward a future where politics is young, honest, and inclusive. The question now is whether the youth can learn from the past to build a new future. The signs are promising, but the path ahead requires resilience and vision. This is a new chapter in Nepal’s journey, where the old is becoming history, and a vibrant future is being forged.
